منابع مشابه
Substitution and pooling in crowding
Unless we fixate directly on it, it is hard to see an object among other objects. This breakdown in object recognition, called crowding, severely limits peripheral vision. The effect is more severe when objects are more similar. When observers mistake the identity of a target among flanker objects, they often report a flanker. Many have taken these flanker reports as evidence of internal substi...
متن کاملSubstitution and pooling in visual crowding induced by similar and dissimilar distractors.
Visual crowding refers to a phenomenon whereby objects that appear in the periphery of the visual field are more difficult to identify when embedded within clutter. Pooling models assert that crowding results from an obligatory averaging or other combination of target and distractor features that occurs prior to awareness. One well-known manifestation of pooling is feature averaging, with which...
متن کاملGrouping, pooling, and when bigger is better in visual crowding.
In crowding, perception of a target is strongly deteriorated by nearby elements. Crowding is often explained by pooling models predicting that adding flankers increases crowding. In contrast, the centroid hypothesis proposes that adding flankers decreases crowding--"bigger is better." In foveal vision, we have recently shown that adding flankers can increase or decrease crowding depending on wh...
متن کاملPooling of continuous features provides a unifying account of crowding
Visual crowding refers to phenomena in which the perception of a peripheral target is strongly affected by nearby flankers. Observers often report seeing the stimuli as "jumbled up," or otherwise confuse the target with the flankers. Theories of visual crowding contend over which aspect of the stimulus gets confused in peripheral vision. Attempts to test these theories have led to seemingly con...
متن کاملForthcoming in Erkenntnis LEARNING AND POOLING, POOLING AND LEARNING
We explore which types of probabilistic updating commute with convex IP pooling (Stewart and Ojea Quintana, 2017). Positive results are stated for Bayesian conditionalization (and a mild generalization of it), imaging, and a certain parameterization of Jeffrey conditioning. This last observation is obtained with the help of a slight generalization of a characterization of (precise) externally B...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1943-3921,1943-393X
DOI: 10.3758/s13414-011-0229-0